Total Quality Management

Introduction:

TQM is a quality management initiative based on the direct involvement of top management, strong customer orientation, systematic problem solving approach,company wide participation, and continuous improvement.

Small q Vs. Big Q- The traditional approach or small "q" is product oriented and based on the post production defect detection philosophy. The big "Q" has a much larger scope with a strong customer orientation that enhances product quality by improving the process.

Principles of Total Quality Management (TQM)

There are eight principles of TQM as given below.

1. Leadership-The difference between an average and an outstanding company is the leadership quality they have.
2. Customer focus organization- Working on the expectation of the customer, keeping the present customer happy and attracting new customers.
3. Involvement of people- Involvement of people at each level enables full utilization of their ability for organizational benefits.
4. Process improvement-Process mapping, analysis, and redesigning the process.
5. System approach to management:- Approach to identify and manage a system of interrelated processes for given objectives.
6. Kaizen or continuous improvement:- Continuous improvement in all the factors related to the process of converting input to output.
7. Factual approach in decision making:- Effective decision and action are based on actual fact,analysis of data and information.
8. Mutually beneficial supplier relationship:- The ability of an organization and its suppliers to create a value which is enhanced by a mutually beneficial relationship.

Taguchi approach in TQM

Genichi taguchi has an important influence on quality development especially in the design area i.e., improvement in product design and process design as given below.

1. Robust design.
2. Taguchi loss function.

Robust design

Robust design means the process continues to produce good products with minimum deviation from the target. Taguchi says any variation can be attributed to the noise factor .

What is the noise factor ?

Noise factor is a source of variation which is impossible or difficult to control, but affects the functional characteristics of the product. There are mainly three types of noise factor as mentioned below.

1. Unit to unit noise factor
2. Internal noise factor
3. External noise factor

Taguchi loss function

According to Taguchi, loss is incurred even if the product is made within the specific limit. It means there is loss as long as the product deviates from the target. According to taguchi, loss is a continuous function and it may vary from target to upper control limit or target to lower control limit.

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